Chapter 4: Types of debt1. Housing debtsMortgageThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionMortgage shortfallThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionRentThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionSecured loanThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for action2. Utilities and household debtChild support paymentsThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionGas and electricity chargesThe legal positionSpecial features of electricity and gas arrearsChecklist for actionMaintenance paymentsThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionWater chargesThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for action3. Credit debtBank overdraftThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionCredit cardThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionInterest-free credit (Buy Now Pay Later)The legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionPawnbrokerThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionHigh-cost short-term loan (formerly payday loan)The legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionPersonal loanThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionRevolving creditTrading cheque or voucherThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for action4. Goods on creditBill of saleThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionBudget accountThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionCharge cardThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionConditional sale agreementThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionCredit sale agreementThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionHire purchase agreementThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionMail order catalogueThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for action5. Tax, business and benefit debtsBusiness debtsThe legal positionChecklist for actionCouncil taxProperty elementPeople elementLiabilityChecklist for actionIncome tax arrearsThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionNational insurance contributionsThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionNon-domestic ratesThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionTax credit overpaymentsThe legal positionSpecial featuresCourt actionChecklist for actionValue added taxThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionBenefit overpaymentsThe legal positionSpecial featuresRight to recoverCalculation of the overpaymentNotificationThe ‘daisy chain’ effectRight to appealFraudRecovery actionInsolvencyHistorical overpayment – ‘abandonment’ and Limitations Act 1980Checklist for action6. Fines and civil penaltiesCivil recoveryThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionFinesThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionPrivate parking chargesThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for actionTraffic penaltiesThe legal positionSpecial featuresChecklist for action