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There is a newer version of this publication available:
Debt Advice Handbook Scotland 1st ed - with new material

Nature of a contract
A contract is binding when the following six essential aspects have been fulfilled:
    offer;
    acceptance;
    legal capacity;
    intention;
    consensus;
    legality.
If one of these is invalid, the contract will be void (meaning that no contract ever existed) or voidable (a contract is in force until declared void by one of the contracting parties).